Cognitive dissonance in social work - the experiences of social workers who facilitate transracial adoption plans for aboriginal children

Aboriginal Transracial Adoption and Cultural Planning parents have committed to providing long-term care to situations where community members have maintained contact with a child as he/she has moved through different placements.For the purpose of this research study, the term "permanency planning" will refer to legal plans that are made with the intention of guardianship, care, and custody being officially transferred to a caregiver until the child reaches adulthood.Unofficially, these plans have the intention of providing a lifelong sense of family and belonging to a child.Under the CFCSA and the Adoption Act, there are several ways to provide permanency to children.CFCSA Section 54.01: Permanent kinship care.In 2013, the CFCSA was amended to include Section 54.01 , allowing social workers to facilitate the legal transfer of permanent care and custody from birth parents to a friend or family member without that child coming into care.This plan is made with birth parent consent.MCFD is able to provide maintenance, but no other support services, until the child turns 19, and the guardian is responsible for providing medical, dental, and optical care.MCFD must approve these placements by completing a homestudy, including criminal record checks, doctor's reports, and references.CFCSA Section 49: Continuing custody.Under Section 49 of the CFCSA, a social worker can also apply for a Continuing Custody Order (CCO), either with or without birth parent consent.This order permanently transfers care and custody of a child from his/her birth parent to MCFD, essentially making the provincial government the child ' s legal parent.A child in care under this section is often referred to as a "permanent ward", a "CCO", or a "continuing care ward".After the order is granted, the child ' s file is generally transferred to a social worker who specializes in guardianship and/or permanency planning for children.Although many continuing care wards stay in foster care until they turn 19, legislation, practice standards, and societal views dictate that plans be found for these children that provide them with continuity and stability.The social workers left with this task are generally referred to as " guardianship social workers", "adoption social workers" and/or "permanency planning social workers".14 CF CSA Section 54.1: Transfer of custody.Under Section 54.1 , social workers are able to permanently transfer the care and custody of a child who is a continuing care ward from MCFD to another person.MCFD must approve these placements by completing a homestudy, including criminal record checks, doctor's reports, and references.MCFD is able to provide maintenance, but no other support services, until the child turns 19, and the guardian is responsible for providing medical, dental, and optical care.Adoption Act.The adoption of children in BC is legislated through the Adoption Act (MCFD, 1996a).MCFD social workers are generally involved in two types of adoption placements under this Act.In the first, a social worker places a continuing care ward for adoption, with MCFD consenting to the adoption as the child ' s legal parent.In the second, a social worker facilitates the permanent transfer of care and custody from a birth parent to an adoptive family.MCFD must approve these placements by completing a home study, including criminal record checks, doctor's reports, and references.All families who adopt children through MCFD are eligible to apply for both monthly maintenance and support services; however, approval is not guaranteed, adding to the pressure experienced by permanency planning social workers who are then tasked with supporting families raising high needs children with no assurance that financial supports will be provided.Although the route that a child takes from first entering the child welfare system to being placed under one of these permanency options can be complicated, some routes are more common than others.Decisions are made by social workers, their team leaders, and their managers as to whether or not a child should come into care, how long that child should stay in

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