Differences in Substrate Utilisation Between Men and Women Disappear After a Period of Intensified Training
Bibliographic record
Abstract
0158 PURPOSE: Gender differences have been reported in glycogen breakdown during exercise that could potentially affect resistance to over-reaching (defined as decreased performance and altered mood state) with repeated bouts of intense exercise. The aim of this study was to investigate whether gender differences exist in resistance to over-reaching during a period of intensified training (IT). METHODS: The training of 6 male (m) and 6 female (f) trained cyclists (VO2max m:68.6±6.8; f:65.2±4.0 ml/kg FFM/min; (mean±SE)) was intensified for 7 days. During the 11-day experiment, subjects received a diet containing 8g CHO/kg FFM/d (m:51±2 E%; f:52±5 E% CHO) and 15 E% protein. At the beginning and end of the IT, subjects performed a VO2maxtest and 60-min of cycling at 90% lactate threshold (m:70±5%, f:71±5%VO2max) followed by a time-trial (TT). Mood state was assessed by POMS and DALDA questionnaires. Substrate utilisation was measured using indirect calorimetry and a primed continuous [6,6 H2]-glucose infusion. RESULTS: No time × gender interaction effect was detected for maximal workload (Wmax), TT performance or total mood score. Wmax and TT performance decreased to a similar extent in both genders over the course of the study (m:7±3% vs f:9±4% NS, and m:12±5% vs f:12±9% NS, resp). Total mood score increased significantly in the men (99±7 v 117±10, P<0.05) and women (111±8 v 120±4, P<0.05), but the changes did not differ between groups (NS). Total CHO oxidation decreased significantly after IT in the men (40±8 vs 23±7 mg/kg FFM/min, P<0.05), while it remained similar in the women (29±11 vs 26±10 mg/kg FFM/min, NS). The change in total CHO oxidation over the course of IT was significantly different between genders (P<0.05). Before the IT, muscle glycogen oxidation contributed significantly more to energy expenditure in the men (60±8%) compared to the women (40±15%; P<0.05). This difference disappeared after the IT (m:33±10%; f:33±13%). No differences in Ra or Rd glucose at rest and during exercise were found between genders, both before and at the end of the IT. CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, there were no differences in performance decrement or mood state alteration between men and women after a period of intensified training. Furthermore, gender differences in substrate selection disappeared after a period of intensified training. This work was funded by the Human Sciences Domain of the UK Ministry of Defence scientific Research Programme
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".