CUTICULAR HYDROCARBONS OF PUPAL CASES OF Chrysomya megacephala (FABRICIUS) AND ITS POSSIBLE USE FOR ESTIMATING POSTMORTEM INTERVAL
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pupal cases of Chrysomya megacephala are commonly found at death scenes; however, its utilization for forensic investigation remains nascent.Although the use of cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) for estimating the age of pupal cases has been reported, they were either laboratory-controlled experiments or in environmental conditions peculiar to Malaysia.Hence, this present research examined the CHCs in the pupal cases of C. megacephala exposed to the natural weathering in Malaysia provides empirical evidence for its age estimation.While confirmation of the identity of CHCs was done using gas chromatographymass spectrometry, gas chromatography-flame ionization detector was used for quantifying the concentrations.The hexane extract of the pupal cases of C. megacephala contained a mixture of odd-numbered high molecular weight aliphatic (heptacosane (n-C27) and nonacosane (n-C29)), and branched alkanes (tetradecane, 2,6,20-trimethyl-and octadecane, 3-ethyl-5-(2-ethylbutyl)). Significant decrease (p <0.05) in the concentrations of n-C27 and n-C29 was observed, with the pattern being highly correlated (r > -0.926) with that of subsequent weathering intervals.Such findings had enabled formulation of credible mathematical algorithms for relating the concentrations of n-C27 and n-C29 in the pupal cases of C. megacephala versus the natural weathering intervals for its age estimation in Malaysia.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".