Sparing of coarse stereopsis in children with amblyopia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
It is widely recognized that stereoscopic depth percepts result from small retinal disparities within Panum’s fusional area (fine stereopsis). Less recognized is the fact that reliable depth information is also provided by large disparities that cannot be fused (coarse stereopsis). The role of coarse stereopsis in vision is not well understood, but we hypothesize that it develops early in life and is used to guide vergence eye movements that are necessary for the development of fine stereopsis. This is supported by our recent finding that coarse stereopsis is mature by age 4 when fine stereopsis is still developing. Here we test the possibility that the early development of coarse stereopsis makes it resilient to the factors that cause amblyopia. We compared performance in children with strabismic or anisometropic amblyopia and age-matched control children (5-12 years) on computerized tests of fine and coarse stereopsis. Stereoscopic stimuli were presented using liquid crystal shutter glasses. The observer’s task was to indicate whether a cartoon character was nearer or farther away than a zero-disparity fixation marker. We assessed perceived depth for a set of fine (0.02, 0.08, 0.17, 0.33, 0.67, 1.0 degrees) and a set of coarse (2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 degrees) crossed and uncrossed disparities. Accuracy increased with disparity in the fine range for both groups. Children with amblyopia performed significantly worse than control children at fine disparities, as predicted by their performance on the Randot Preschool Stereoacuity Test (>200 arc sec). Accuracy was constant at approximately 65% across all disparities in the coarse range for both groups. These findings suggest that coarse stereopsis may be spared when fine stereopsis is disrupted by early visual deprivation. This residual binocular function has important clinical implications, given the movement towards treating amblyopia as a disorder of binocular processing. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2012
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".