A Pilot Study of Oxaloacetate 100 mg Capsules in Parkinson’s Disease Patients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is observed in Parkinson's disease (PD) and oxaloacetate (OAA), a bioenergetic pathway intermediate, was found in preclinical studies to have pro-mitochondrial effects.In this pilot study we randomized 18 PD participants to a capsule that included 100 mg OAA (in addition to 150 mg of ascorbic acid), and 15 PD participants to a capsule containing only 150 mg ascorbic acid, twice daily, for four months.Participants and study personnel were blinded to the group assignment.Thirteen participants in each group completed the study.Adverse events were recorded and clinical response was evaluated with the total Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Movement Disorder Society (MDS)-UPDRS motor and non-motor activities of daily living sections, PDQ-39 quality of life assessment, Non-Motor Symptoms Questionnaire, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and Geriatric Depression Scale.No serious adverse events occurred and no significant differences between the groups or between the baseline and 4-month visit scores were observed for any categorical or continuous clinical assessment.In conclusion, although in this study OAA 100 mg twice daily for four months was safe in PD patients, at this dose its clinical effects were not different from placebo.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".