Supplementary material to "Biomass-burning derived particles from a wide variety of fuels: Part 1: Properties of primary particles"
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Particle Optical Property MeasurementsParticle optical properties for PM1 were measured at 405 nm and 532 nm using the UC Davis Cavity Ringdown-Photoacoustic Spectrometer (CRD-PAS).In the UC Davis CRD-PAS, Light absorption coefficients (babs; units = Mm -1 ) for dry particles are determined using photoacoustic spectroscopy (Lack et al., 2012b).Light extinction coefficients (bext; units = Mm -1 ) for dry (<20% relative humidity) particles are measured at 405 nm and 532 nm via cavity ringdown spectroscopy (Langridge et al., 2011).Humidified light extinction measurements (RH ~85%) are also measured at 532 nm by cavity ringdown spectroscopy.The absorption measurements from the PAS were calibrated relative to the extinction measurement from the CRD using gas-phase O3 and NO2 with an estimated accuracy of 5% at 532 nm and 8% at 405 nm.Light absorption and scattering coefficients were also measured at 781 nm using a commercial PASS-3 photoacoustic spectrometer (DMT, Inc.).In the PASS-3, light absorption coefficients are measured by photoacoustic spectroscopy.Light scattering coefficients (bsca; units = Mm -1 ) are determined for dry particles with the PASS-3 using reciprocal nephelometry.The absorption measured by the
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.646 | 0.207 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".