Bibliographic record
Abstract
Potassium as a mineral is essential for life. As a consequence, potassium compounds or potash have been regarded as articles of commerce. Potash denotes an impure form of potassium carbonate mixed with other potassium salts. Potash manufacture was the first chemical industry in North America. Potash is an essential fertilizer nutrient that cannot be substituted. Canada leads the word in reserves and production of potash. Potassium chloride or muriate potash (MOP) is the world's most commonly used potash. It is the basis for the manufacture of most potassium salts. Potassium chloride is produced mostly from solid ores in underground deposits. Potassium sulfate is a well‐established source of sulfur and as a double salt is used in fertilizers for crops sensitive to chloride. Other compounds of potassium include, eg,: acetate used in glass making, dehydrating agents; bromide is used in photography and engraving; carbonate is used in making glass for TVs.; bicarbonate is used in foods and medicine; formates used in preparation of chemicals, agricultural products and soaps; iodide used in salts; nitrate used in fertilizer and fireworks; phosphates used in detergents; acid tartrate is used in baking powders and wine. The fertilizer industry uses 85% of U.S. potash sales. Potash mining and refining operations in the U.S. are strictly regulated. Within cells, potassium serves the critical role as counterion for various carboxylates, phosphates and stabilizes macromolecular structures.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.083 | 0.074 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".