Bibliographic record
Abstract
This volume corrects a serious omission in the historiography of the Canadian churches, collecting the work of a range of scholars who together offer eleven chapters describing the responses and activities of the seven largest denominations in wartime Canada. Given the origins of the country, it is unsurprising that the churches responded in quite different ways, influenced by their denominational and geographical roots, in clear contrast to, for example, the largely similar responses of the British churches. While the Canadian Methodist Church reacted much like its sister churches in Britain, other denominations responded quite differently. For example, Simon Jolivet's analysis of the experience of French-speaking Catholics makes clear the varied experiences in different provinces. While pre-independence Canada was automatically involved in the conflict from its start, many French Canadians felt that it was not their war to fight.Norm Threinen recounts the experiences of Canadian Lutherans, and the narrative of how they, German, Icelandic, Norwegian, Swedish, Finnish, or Danish in origin, and worshipping in their own language, responded to competing claims for their allegiance makes fascinating reading.It would be unfortunate if this comprehensive and well-written collection of essays were seen only as rectifying an omission for students of Canadian religion. For those with an interest, historical or contemporary, in how churches respond to international conflict, make ethical decisions in a crisis, or engage with government, Canadian Churches and the First World War offers many valuable insights.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".