Bibliographic record
Abstract
Gabriel Tarde (1843–1904) was a founder of sociology. Attentive to differences and repetitions as revealed in statistics, sociology was to represent, in his view, a higher evolution and universalization of scientific method that would finally expel ontologized conceptions of community and reject what Bergson, following Tarde, would later term “intellectualism”: the tendency to build analysis on reifications. In the end, Tarde's vision was denied by colleagues who asserted that the moral evolution of human social life elevates human relations into a special category of relations requiring sociology to be limited to a compartmentalized discipline. Beginning in 1999, the first wave of revival and republication initially pressed Tarde into the service of Deleuzian and Latourian remonstrations against anthropocentrism and neo‐Kantianism. Recently, a second wave characterized by the operationalization of Tarde's twenty‐first‐century reception, resonating with views of society as fluid and networked, has produced new empirical work based on Tarde's thought.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.008 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".