Bibliographic record
Abstract
Infantile hemangiomas typically appear in the first few weeks of life as areas of pallor, followed by telangiectatic patches.They then grow rapidly in the first 3 to 6 months of life.Superficial lesions are bright red, protuberant, and sharply demarcated and are often referred to as "strawberry hemangiomas".Deep lesions are bluish and dome-shaped, feel like a "bag of worms", and are compressible.Infantile hemangiomas have a predilection for the head and neck region.Most infantile hemangiomas exist as solitary lesions.Infantile hemangiomas continue to grow until 9 to 12 months of age, at which time the growth rate slows down to parallel the growth of the child.Half of these lesions will show complete involution by the time a child reaches age 5; 70% will have disappeared by age 7; and 95% will have regressed by ages 10 to 12.The majority of infantile hemangiomas require no treatment.Indications for active intervention include severe or recurrent hemorrhage unresponsive to treatment, threatening ulceration in areas where serious complications might ensue, interference with vital structures, pedunculated hemangiomas, and significant disfigurement.Treatment options include systemic corticosteroids, intralesional corticosteroids, topical and oral beta blockers, pulsed-dye laser, and less commonly interferon-α or surgical resection.In recent years, propranolol, a nonselective β-blocker, has been preferentially used as a first-line treatment of problematic infantile hemangioma.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".