Joint Stiffness and Deformation Behaviour of Discontinuous Rock
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary Some rock masses are characterized by joints, fractures and other planes of weakness which reduce the strength and deformation properties of rock structure. Under different loading conditions, joints with weaker than normal and shear deformation strength undergo a relatively higher strain than intact rock. Because permeability of jointed rock masses in fractured reservoirs is a strong function of joint aperture size, one may expect a major change in the permeability when subjected to confining load variation. Therefore, it is important to establish the relation between the stress-strain of the jointed rock mass and the reservoir permeability. This relation is particularly important to model hydraulic fracturing and productivity decline in tight gas wells. In this paper, a new relation is proposed to model prepeak shear stiffness of the joint based on the conventional joint surface parameters and the confining load. Furthermore, constitutive matrices for evaluating deformation behaviour of a single-joint and regularly jointed rock are presented as the results of an analytical study. Based on the concept of joint stiffness, an equivalent stiffness for regularly jointed rock masses was derived, assuming that the deformation of the jointed rock mass equals the sum of the deformation of the rock matrix and the joints. Finite element technique is used to numerically model the deformation behaviour of the jointed rock under various loading conditions. The applicability of the constitutive model to represent jointed rock mass was confirmed from comparison of the numerical results with some of the existing experimental data. The model presented here will be the key element for integrated geomechanical modelling of tight gas wells, naturally fracture reservoirs and other fracturing processes in stress-sensitive reservoirs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".