Analysis of the vertical structure of deep ocean noise using measurements from the SPICEX and PhilSea experiments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
There are open research questions about the vertical structure of low-frequency ambient noise in deep water.For example Gaul et al.'s [IEEE JOE, 2007] analysis of the Church Opal data set showed that noise decreases substantially (on the order of 20 dB) below the critical depth, whereas other researchers have reported more modest reductions [Morris, JASA, 1978].Two deep water experiments provided a unique opportunity to measure ambient noise using large vertical arrays.In 2004-2005 SPICEX used two arrays to sample a North Pacific environment.One array was centered on the sound channel axis, and the other array had hydrophones above and below the critical depth.In 2010-2011, the PhilSea experiment deployed a single array with 150 hydrophones spanning the full water column.Both experiments made repeated short measurements (each 2-3 minutes long) of the field at the arrays.This talk compares the ambient noise observed during SPICEX and PhilSea with results reported in the literature.Since these data sets contain receptions over the period of a year, we focus on the seasonal dependence of the noise field.In addition to investigating noise level as a function of depth, we consider wind dependence and vertical directionality.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".