Exosomal Bta-miR-185 and Bta-miR-378 Are Potential Markers for Quality Control of Milk Infected by Staphylococcus aureus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNA) in milk-derived exosomes may reflect pathophysiological changes caused by mastitis. This study profiled miRNAs in milk exosomes and potential markers for quality control of milk infected by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Total RNA from milk exosomes was collected from healthy cows (n=3) and S. aureus infected cows (n=6). Two hundred ninety miRNAs (221 known and 69 novel ones) were identified. Among them, 22 known and 15 novel miRNAs were differentially expressed (DE). Target genes of DE miRNAs were significantly enriched in intracellular protein transport, endoplasmic reticulum and identical protein binding. Two miRNAs (bta-miR-378 and bta-miR-185) with high read counts and log2 fold changes (>3.5) were considered as potential milk exosome biomarker miRNAs for S. aureus mastitis and milk quality. One target gene (VAT1L) of bta-miR-378 and five target genes (DYRK1B, MLLT3, HP1BP3, NPR2 and PGM1) of bta-miR-185 were validated. DE miRNAs in exosomes from normal and S. aureus infected milk were identified. Two DE miRNAs could be used as potential biomarkers for the infection. The linkage between the validated target genes and diseases suggest that we should pay particular attention to exosome miRNAs from mastitic milk in terms of milk safety.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".