Role of auxinic herbicide‐induced ethylene on hypocotyl elongation and root/hypocotyl radial expansion
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Effects of auxinic herbicides on growth/development, ethylene biosynthesis and gene expression were studied in Sinapis arvensis as well as wild type, auxin-resistant and ethylene-insensitive lines of Arabidopsis thaliana. Expansion of the radius of the root/hypocotyl and inhibition of root and hypocotyl elongation were observed in seedlings of S arvensis and wild-type A thaliana treated with the auxinic herbicide 2,4-D. All of these morphological changes, except for inhibition of root elongation, are caused by auxinic herbicide-induced ethylene biosynthesis, which is caused by transcriptional activation of auxin-inducible genes encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase (ACS). We are the first to distinguish that two types of signal/mechanism exist; the first results from auxinic herbicide-induced ethylene while the second mechanism is not mediated by ethylene. We identified and characterized seven members of ACS gene family in wild mustard and studied the auxin-induced expression of these genes. The significance of these findings in understanding the molecular basis for the morphological changes associated with auxinic herbicide action is discussed. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".