6.K. Pitch presentations: Health and healthcare of elderly
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BackgroundGlobal Activity Limitation Indicator (GALI) measures disability in terms of participation restriction.It lies at the basis of the European indicator Healthy Life Years (HLY).The objective of this paper is to review validity and reliability studies of GALI.Methods Expert consultation and database searches (Pubmed, Google Scholar, using keywords ''GALI (excluding name)'' and ''Global activity limitation'') identified 9 manuscripts.Studies were grouped by scope (national vs. international scope) and objectives: (1) association studies linking GALI to other disability measures (both objective and self-reported measures), (2) outcome studies linking GALI to mortality or health care use, and (3) reliability studies.Results There were 4 association studies.Two of them use international data, one of which uses objective measures.There was 1 health care expenditure study and 3 mortality studies (1 international).One reliability study looked at national data only.None of the studies indicated a validity failure.The international association studies concluded that GALI effectively captures limitations as measured by objective and selfreported measures and that this is valid for different countries.GALI is a good predictor of mortality.Its predictive power is linked to the severity of the limitations and decreases over time (10 years).GALI was an important predictor of health care expenditure even after adjustment for chronic conditions.The weighted Kappa as reliability measure was 0.68. ConclusionsEvidence provided by a first (limited) set of different validation exercises suggests that (1) GALI, as global measure of participation restriction, is an instrument with sufficient validity and reliability, (2) GALI has an added value over complex measures of health and disability, as well as over general measures of health such as self-rated health.Further (inter)national validity and reliability studies are needed given the international use of GALI.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.029 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.062 | 0.021 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".