Selenium Treatment Effect in Auto-Immune Hashimoto Thyroiditis in Macedonian Population
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Selenium (Se), a necessary trace mineral for humans, has the highest concentration in the thyroid gland and is known of its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Many studies have reported that Se has a close relationship with auto-immune Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), characterized by the presence of anti-thyroid peroxidase (aTPO) auto-antibodies. Methods: Five hundred thyroid patients, males and females, mean age 46 ± 19 years, with diagnosed HT, were included in the study. Euthyroid forms of HT were treated with Se only, while patients with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) > 10 µIU/mL were treated with both substitutional therapy of levothyroxine and Se. Results: In around 37% of the patients treated with Se 3 × 50 µg/day with aTPO > 1,000 IU/mL, aTPO remained unchanged after 12 months, while 24.16% had aTPO < 500 IU/mL and 38.20% had aTPO between 500 and 1,000 IU/mL. Eighty-three out of 150 (55.33%) patients treated with Se 2 × 50 µg/day with aTPO between 500 and 1,000 IU/mL responded. More than half of the patients (91/172, 52.90%) with aTPO < 500 IU/mL treated with Se 50 µg/day normalized in 1 year. In hypothyroid group of patients, 12 months after treatment with levothyroxine and Se, 47.18% were responders with aTPO > 1,000 IU/mL, while 79.20% with aTPO between 500 and 1,000 IU/mL. In euthyroid group (Se only), the biggest response (30.56%) was seen in patients with the highest titer of aTPO > 1,000 IU/mL. Conclusion: Se treatment is effective in reducing the levels of aTPO in patients with HT, alone or in combination with levothyroxine. This is due to the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effect of Se. Our study promotes the concept of Se treatment in patients with euthyroid or hypothyroid state, with increased titers of aTPO. J Endocrinol Metab. 2019;9(1-2):22-28 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jem551
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".