Brain injury in seniors in British Columbia: Its relationship to depression and chronic pain.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a significant public health issue, not only within British Columbia, but within all of Canada. As the Canadian population ages, it will be important to have information on the antecedents and consequences of brain injury in the elderly. However, as TBI is more common in younger age groups, much of the research has not reflected the experience of seniors (Rapoport & Feinstein, 2000). The elderly are at increased risk for brain injury as they age, and for morbidity and mortality post-TBI (Maurice-Williams, 1999). Outcomes of TBI, including depression and chronic pain (CP), were examined. Cases with CP showed shorter survival time post-TBI than those without CP, after controlling for cancer. Compared to a control group of seniors without TBI, seniors post-TBI were at higher risk of developing depression. Risk of developing new cases of depression was linked to gender and non-traumatic brain injury. No set of variables predicted who would develop CP post-TBI. Logistic discriminant function analyses indicated that psychological variables such as anxiety and insomnia were more strongly associated with CP pre-TBI and non-CP pre-TBI. --Leaf ii.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".