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Record W4238694520 · doi:10.4141/s02-csamabstracts

Abstracts of Technical Papers

2002· article· en· W4238694520 on OpenAlex
Elaine Wheaton, Virginia Wittrock, H. Cutforth, S. M. McGinn

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
venuePublished in a venue whose home country is Canada.

Bibliographic record

VenueCanadian Journal of Soil Science · 2002
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEnvironmental Science
TopicClimate Change and Geoengineering
Canadian institutionsAgriculture and Agri-Food CanadaSaskatchewan Research Council (Canada)
Fundersnot available
KeywordsEnvironmental science

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Climate is highly variable and is continually changing over a spectrum of both time and space. Climate change is not a new phenomenon but one that has occurred throughout history. The driving forces behind the recent changes have both natural and human origins. However, the significance of anthropogenic contributions to climate change continues to stimulate much debate. We provide compelling evidence supporting the conjecture that human activities, especially over the past 50 years, have contributed significantly to driving the current round of global climate change. Prior to the 20th century, practically all of the climate change was driven by natural causes, such as volcanic emissions, fluctuations in solar activity, changes in the Earth's orbital path and rotational axis. During the last half of the 20th century, atmospheric emissions resulting from human activities are significantly changing the composition of the atmosphere and are disrupting the balance between incoming and outgoing radiant energy producing significant climate change. Unless society adopts practices to actively reduce atmospheric emissions, human-induced climate change will likely continue beyond the 21st century. Using climate models we can only speculate on what those changes will be and what impact they will have on our future activities. Even if atmospheric emissions are abruptly stopped in the very near future, human induced climate change will continue well into the 21st century. The impacts of climate change have the potential to be vast and farreaching requiring actions on our part to adapt to as well as to mitigate future change.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.726
Threshold uncertainty score0.999

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0020.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.020
GPT teacher head0.202
Teacher spread0.182 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it