<i>The Cochrane Library</i> and the treatment of croup in children: an overview of reviews
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Croup is an illness characterized by barky cough, stridor, hoarseness, and occasionally respiratory distress. It is a relatively mild and short‐lived illness for the majority of children. However, a small proportion of children have moderate to severe symptoms and are at risk of hospital admission, and in the most severe cases, intubation. Objective To synthesize the evidence currently in The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) related to the clinical effectiveness and applicability of four treatments for croup: glucocorticoids, epinephrine, heliox and humidified air. Methods The CDSR was searched for all systematic reviews containing the term ‘croup’ in the title. Pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions for the treatment of croup in children were included. Data were extracted, compiled into tables and synthesized using qualitative and quantitative methods. Main Results Four reviews examining the treatment of croup were included in this overview. Children treated with epinephrine vs placebo had a significantly lower croup score at 30 min (SMD: − 0.94; 95% CI: − 1.37, − 0.51), and children treated with glucocorticoids vs placebo had significantly lower croup scores at both 6 h and 12 h (SMD: − 0.59; 95% CI: − 0.83, − 0.35 and SMD: − 0.65; 95% CI: − 1.03, − 0.27). Glucocorticoids vs placebo also significantly reduced inpatient length of stay (MD: − 10.33; 95% CI: − 17.33, − 3.36) and risk of return visits and/or re‐admissions (RR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.34, 0.71). Neither humidified air nor heliox were associated with significant reductions in croup score; however, there is a paucity of evidence examining treatment with heliox. Author's Conclusions Glucocorticoids are effective for children with mild croup, and both nebulized epinephrine and glucocorticoids are effective treatments for children presenting with moderate to severe croup that is associated with respiratory distress. There is insufficient evidence to determine the effectiveness of heliox, and there is sufficient evidence to suggest that humidified air is not effective in the treatment of croup. Copyright © 2010 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.036 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.009 | 0.007 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.015 | 0.019 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".