Effect of Treatment With Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor on the Initiation of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus often develop obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). In this study, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) was initiated in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who developed OSAS during treatment with a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, and the effect of the SGLT2 inhibitor therapy on the patients was investigated. METHODS: The study was conducted in outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with serum hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) values of ≥ 6.5% who developed OSAS. The patients were divided into two groups according to whether they were receiving treatment with an SGLT2 inhibitor or with other oral hypoglycemic agents: the SGLT2 inhibitor group (n = 9) and non-SGLT2 inhibitor group (n = 7). The patients in the former group were under treatment with one of the following three SGLT2 inhibitors: luseogliflozin (2.5 mg/day), dapagliflozin (5 mg/day) and empagliflozin (10 mg/day). The patients took the drugs once daily, before or after breakfast. The patients were initiated on CPAP therapy for OSAS, and their weight, body mass index (BMI), serum HbA1c level, lipid profile, liver function parameters, serum uric acid, and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) measured before the initiation of CPAP therapy (baseline) were compared with the values measured 3 months after the start of CPAP therapy. RESULTS: The AHI decreased significantly after 3 months of CPAP therapy, as compared to that at the baseline, in both the SGLT2 inhibitor and non-SGLT2 inhibitor groups. There was no significant change in the serum HbA1c value after 3 months of CPAP therapy as compared to that at the baseline in either group. The body weight and BMI increased significantly after 3 months of CPAP therapy in the SGLT2 inhibitor group, but not in the non-SGLT2 inhibitor group. CONCLUSION: The body weight and BMI increased significantly after 3 months of CPAP therapy initiated for OSAS in the type 2 diabetic patients who were receiving SGLT2 inhibitor therapy. Thus, when CPAP therapy is adopted for an obese diabetic patient with OSAS, it should be borne in mind that the body weight may increase if the patient is receiving SGLT2 inhibitor treatment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".