Bidirectional aggregated features fusion from CNN for palmprint recognition
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, we present a novel bidirectional aggregated features representation from convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with score-level fusion for palmprint recognition. Our method adopts the vector of locally aggregated descriptors (VLAD) to encode the convolutional features from two directions, i.e., vertical and horizontal directions, to mine both the local and global descriptions of palmprint image. Then, three score-level fusion rules are respectively employed to integrate the matching scores of the bidirectional features. We extensively evaluate the performance of convolutional features, vertical and horizontal encoding together with the score-level fusion rules through recent deep network VGG-F on the PolyU palmprint and multispectral palmprint databases. Experiments demonstrate that horizontal encoding significantly outperforms vertical encoding on red, green, blue and near-infrared (NIR) palmprint image subsets while it is slightly worse on PolyU palmprint database, moreover, the effective performance improvement can be achieved after the fusions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".