Bibliographic record
Abstract
The problems raised by territorial fragmentation are perhaps nowhere more acute in instances where a portion of one state, completely surrounded by another, is found to exist. For the exclave or enclave — depending upon one's point of view — disturbs the internal functioning of the surrounding country by, as it were, puncturing a hole in its territory and creates difficulties as well for the administering state. Although the existence of exclaves and enclaves is little known, they are not uncommon phenomena. In fact, there are almost twice the number of exclaves (enclaves) in the world as states. For the most part, these extraordinary territories are rather small, and they do not have large populations. They consist to a great extent of single villages and adjacent lands, farm areas and tiny garden plots. All are situated relatively near to the « mother-land ». It is recognized that the very diminutiveness of these disconnected areas and their lack of strategic significance limits their military and political value. Nevertheless, they do point up the problems of territorial fragmentation and the importance of territorial continuity. Moreover, the way in which states treat them has important implications for those scholars who debate whether or not the « territoriality » of the nation-state is bound to vanish.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.255 | 0.048 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".