Experimental and Numerical Investigations of the Borehole Ballooning inRough Fractures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Borehole Ballooning in Rough Fractures M. Ozdemirtas; M. Ozdemirtas University of Alberta Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar T. Babadagli; T. Babadagli University of Alberta Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar E. Kuru E. Kuru University of Alberta Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Paper presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Anaheim, California, U.S.A., November 2007. Paper Number: SPE-110121-MS https://doi.org/10.2118/110121-MS Published: November 11 2007 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Get Permissions Search Site Citation Ozdemirtas, M., Babadagli, T., and E. Kuru. "Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Borehole Ballooning in Rough Fractures." Paper presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Anaheim, California, U.S.A., November 2007. doi: https://doi.org/10.2118/110121-MS Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll ProceedingsSociety of Petroleum Engineers (SPE)SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition Search Advanced Search Abstract Borehole ballooning/breathing is a combined mud loss/gain event observed during drilling operations in naturally fractured formations. Factors controlling this phenomenon must be well understood to correctly interpret its symptoms observed during drilling to avoid mixing ballooning with other formation flow incidents which might lead to unwarranted well control procedures.A mathematical model defining the ballooning process was developed and solved numerically using finite difference approximation. It was shown that fracture roughness and fracture deformation play a significant role on the flow of drilling fluid in and out of a single fracture. In this study, the focus was mainly on the effect of fracture roughness (characterized by the fractal dimension of the fracture surface) and fracture aperture.The main goal of this work was to compare the numerical model results with the laboratory scale experimental observations. Therefore, experiments were performed to study the mud loss and gain events in artificially fractured rock samples. One-inch diameter and 3-inches long cylindirical samples of Berea sandstone, Indiana limestone and granite were used for the experiments. Two different fracture types were used to analyze the effect of fracture surface roughness on the flow of drilling fluid in and out of the fracture. In order to create smooth fracture surfaces, cores were cut precisely into two equal pieces using a blade. Alternatively, axial load was applied on the cylindrical rock samples until a longitudinal fracture with rough surface was generated.The results of experimental observations and numerical model study on the importance of fracture roughness were provided. Situations where the degree of roughness becomes critical were identified. Keywords: hydraulic fracturing, fracture characterization, roughness, injection pressure, Reservoir Characterization, Upstream Oil & Gas, Artificial Intelligence, aperture, borehole pressure 200, borehole ballooning Subjects: Pressure Management, Hydraulic Fracturing, Reservoir Characterization, Well control, Faults and fracture characterization Copyright 2007, Society of Petroleum Engineers You can access this article if you purchase or spend a download.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".