Quantitative measurement of interocular suppression in children with amblyopia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Previously it has been shown that intensive training aimed at reducing interocular suppression leads to improvement in amblyopic eye acuity as well as binocular vision in adults with strabismic amblyopia (Hess et al., 2010). In the current study we explored the possibility of using this approach to measure interocular suppression in children with amblyopia. We compared children (8–12 years old) with unilateral anisometropic and/or strabismic amblyopia to age-matched control children with normal visual acuity and no ocular pathology. Visual acuity was measured using the Regan high contrast chart; stereopsis was evaluated using the Randot preschool and the Randot circles test. Motion coherence thresholds for left-right direction discrimination were determined using a binocular global motion stimulus presented with virtual reality goggles (eMagin). The proportion of signal dots among noise dots was varied with a staircase procedure. In dichoptic viewing, high contrast signal dots were presented to the amblyopic eye (one eye of control subjects) while low contrast noise dots were presented to the fellow eye (the other eye of control subjects) at the motion coherence threshold. The contrast of the noise dots was increased until performance reached chance levels. Higher contrast thresholds indicated less interocular suppression. Regardless of their stereo acuity, all children in the amblyopic group exhibited some degree of binocular function on the dichoptic motion task. The amount of interocular suppression was high in the strabismic group and low in the anisometropic group indicating that interocular suppression is more potent in strabismic than in anisometropic amblyopia (Harrad and Hess, 1992). We have shown that the Hess et al stimuli can be used to measure both interocular suppression and residual binocular function in children with amblyopia. Interocular suppression is an established mechanism for visual loss in strabismic amblyopia; our results suggest it is less of a problem in anisometropic amblyopia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".