Bibliographic record
Abstract
International retail has experienced significant numbers of closures in bricks-and-mortar stores in recent years. Moreover, with substantial reporting’s on international closures, there has been a notable absence for reports on Canadian retail as a whole in relation to store closures. Therefore, this research is a location-based analysis on where retail closures are in Canada. The objectives are: (1) to examine the store changes taking place in Canada through analysis of a selected subset of retailers; (2) to assess the influence of omni channel activities on store location strategies; and (3) to discuss the implications of store change with regard to the future of physical ‘bricks-and-mortar’ retailing in Canada. This major research paper utilizes a store per capita analysis to understand where closures in retail are in relation to population markets of varying sizes. The data utilized is from the Centre for Study of Commercial Activity, consisting of every physical store location between 2013 and 2018 for a set of twelve specifically selected retailers. The results of this paper are compared between the retailers respective retail sectors and supplementary retail quadrants they were assigned to.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".