Prevalence of GBV‐C/Hepatitis G Virus Viremia and Anti‐E2 in Canadian Blood Donors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background and Objectives: GB virus C (GBV‐C)/hepatitis G virus (HGV) is a recently recognized parenterally and sexually transmitted agent. The prevalence of GBV‐C/HGV markers in Canadian blood donors has not been previously studied and was therefore determined. Materials and Methods: Blood donors [identity unlinked (IU), short‐term temporarily deferred (STTD) and autologous groups] and donor samples with antibodies to hepatitis C (anti‐HCV) or hepatitis B core were tested for GBV‐C/HGV RNA and for antibodies to E2 antigen (anti‐E2). Results: GBV‐C/HGV RNA was found in 1.1% and anti‐E2 in 7.3% of the combined IU/STTD donor group. Viremia was much more common in anti‐HCV‐positive samples (12.5%); anti‐E2 was present in >50% of this group. In the STTD group, female gender was significantly associated with viremia. Conclusion: GBV‐C/HGV infection is relatively common in Canadian donors, and a small proportion are viremic. The association of female gender and viremia was unexpected. Further study is needed to clarify the epidemiology and natural history of GBV‐C/HGV infection.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".