Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction and Objectives: Optimizing targeted therapy in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) would improve clinical outcomes but patient derived xenograft (PDX) models are lacking.We present a novel preclinical model that is superior to nude mice for accommodating RCC PDXs.This preclinical model implants RC PDXs into the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of avian embryos and is a patient-specific platform that could be advantageous for physicians in the future when deciding what treatment options are best for their patients.This drug panelling platform is rapid, costeffective, and relies on the highly angiogenic CAM to support RCC PDXs.Methods: Commercial and patient derived RCC cell lines, were grown to full confluence and transduced to generate fluorescently labeled versions of each cell line.Cells were implanted into the CAM.Tumors were treated every two days by applying 10 μL (10 μM) of indicated drug onto the tumor onplant.The drugs that were paneled include Sunitinib, Sorafenib, Pazopanib, Axitinib and a vehicle treatment.After 7-8 days of incubation post-implantation, tumor take rate was determined by the presence of tumor growth in the CAM using a fluorescent stereoscope.Results: The highest tumor take rates were observed in the vehicle treatments of the embryos, ranging from 50-86%.Both commercial and primary cell lines saw a reduction in tumor take rate with the application of various anti-angiogenic drugs.Specifically, XP121 tumors were resistant to Sorafenib; 786-0, XP121; XP206 were resistant to Pazopanib; T258, XP121 were resistant to Sunitinib; and lastly, T258 tumors were resistant to Axitinib (Table 1).Conclusions: RCC PDXs onplanted in the CAM of avian embryos offer a robust and cost-effective platform to predict sensitivity/resistance to targeted therapies.When evaluating several patient-derived RCC cell lines, drug paneling revealed other alternative treatment options for these PDXs.More importantly, RCC PDXs that were shown to be Sunitinib-resistant in both the patient and in mouse-based PDXs, also produced the same resistance phenotype in the CAM.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.542 | 0.342 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".