Bibliographic record
Abstract
All law is shaped by its historical development. If anything, this is particularly true of foundational principles. These have a greater tendency to endure hard-wired in inter-generational thinking than detailed rules, which may more readily be re-evaluated and recast. The legal principles on which foreign relations are conducted have become one of the pressing issues of contemporary public law. But the widespread changes in this field, examined in this work, have taken place against a continuing debate about the extent to which an exclusionary approach is supported in a deep way by common law constitutional thought. So, in 2010 the Supreme Court of Canada cited Dicey as authority for the proposition that the foreign affairs power is a matter for the prerogative. In 2000 Lord Hoffmann, writing for the majority in a deeply divided Privy Council, said: ‘The rule that treaties cannot alter the law of the land is but one facet of the more general principle that the Crown cannot change the law by the exercise of its powers under the prerogative. This was the great principle which was settled by the Civil War and the Glorious Revolution in the 17th century.’ How may these exclusionary rules be reconciled with the principle, supported, as Lord Bingham said in 2006, by the ‘old and high authority’ of Lord Mansfield and Blackstone, that ‘the law of nations in its full extent is part of the law of England and Wales’?
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".