Winter Dynamics in an Epishelf Lake: Quantitative Mixing Estimates and Ice Shelf Basal Channel Considerations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Milne Ice Shelf is located at the mouth of Milne Fiord (82.6$^\circ$N, 81.0$^\circ$W), on Ellesmere Island, Nunavut. This floating ice feature is attached to both sides of the fjord. During the melt season, the ice shelf acts as a dam preventing surface runoff from flowing freely to the ocean. This results in a permanent layer of freshwater that “floats” on top of the seawater of the fjord, commonly known as an epishelf lake. The winter data from a mooring installed in Milne Fiord epishelf lake (2011-2019) is analysed in the framework of a one-dimensional model in order to 1) study mixing in the upper water column and 2) infer the characteristics of a basal channel in the ice shelf. The results show that vertical mixing rates are higher in the epishelf lake than in the seawater below. Estimation of the Richardson number using a geostrophic balance approach reveals that enhanced mixing in the epishelf lake is associated with horizontal temperature gradients. Moreover, the analysis suggests that the epishelf lake water reaching the ocean travels through a single basal channel in the ice shelf. The model did not detect significant variation in outflow characteristics over the eight years of study, implying that the area of the basal channel is in ice mass balance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".