Cause-specific daily mortality and exposure to ambient ozone and sulfur dioxide in Montreal
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cause-specific daily mortality and exposure to ambient ozone and sulfur dioxide in Montreal MARK GOLDBERG, BURNETT R, BROOK J, VALOIS M, BAILAR III J, SINGH R, TAMBLYN R, BONVALOT Y. INRS Institut Armand-Frappier, University of Quebec. EMail: [email protected] Over the past 10 years, studies have found consistent positive associations between nonaccidental mortality and short-term increases in levels of ambient particulates and gaseous pollutants. However, cause-specific mortality has not been investigated adequately. In the present investigation, we made use of underlying causes of death among all 140,939 residents of the Island of Montreal who died between 1984 and 1993. From the network of fixed-site air pollution monitors in Montreal we obtained daily mean levels of particulates and gaseous pollutants. We regressed the logarithm of daily counts of death on levels of ozone and sulfur dioxide, evaluated as the average of exposures on the day of death and the 2 preceding days (“3-day mean”), accounting for non-Poisson dispersion, seasonal and sub-seasonal fluctuations in mortality, meteorological factors, particles, and other gaseous pollutants. For ozone, we found positive associations for deaths from all nonaccidental causes, neoplasms, lung cancer, cardiovascular diseases, coronary artery diseases, respiratory diseases, and diabetes. No associations were found for non-malignant digestive diseases or accidents. For sulfur dioxide, we found the same endpoints as in the analysis of ozone to be in excess, except for neoplasms. Our estimates of the percent increase in daily nonaccidental mortality for increases in ozone and sulfur dioxide across their inter-quartile ranges were 2.72% (95%CI: 1.59–3.86%) and 1.85% (95%CI: 0.73–2.98%), respectively. In addition, higher excess daily mortality was found generally among persons 65 years or age and over. These results show that increases in levels of criteria gaseous pollutants are positively associated with cause-specific daily mortality, even after adjusting for the effects of particles.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".