Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Calpains are intracellular cysteine proteases that participate in Ca 2+ signaling. Some structural information is available for the ubiquitous mammalian isoforms m‐ and μ‐calpain. These 110‐kDa heterodimeric, multidomain enzymes differ in the level of Ca 2+ required for activation. A structural explanation for the Ca 2+ requirement is that the papain‐like active site is not assembled in the Ca 2+ ‐free (apo) state. Moreover, the circular arrangement of domains appears to constrain the two protease core domains from assembling into an active conformation. Ca 2+ binding to the two penta–EF‐hand domains and to a C2‐like domain flanking the protease core may release these constraints. However, active site assembly requires the cooperative binding of Ca 2+ to two non–EF‐hand sites, one on each of the catalytic domains. These novel Ca 2+ binding sites appear to be an evolutionary addition to the papain‐like protease core. Thus, Ca 2+ acts at several different levels, at different sites, to tightly control the activity of this potent protease within the cell.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.076 | 0.042 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".