Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Heckscher-Ohlin theory of international trade remains an enigma. Despite being falsified on numerous counts (Bowen, Leamer and Sveikauskas 1987, Trefler, 1995), it persists as the core theory of international trade, found both in undergraduate and graduate textbooks, not to mention in much research and policy. Clearly, while it has failed to be confirmed by the data, www.videleaf.com the notion that factor proportions motivate trade, whether at the regional or national level, continues to hold sway. This paper is an attempt at rehabilitating the factor proportions hypothesis (FPH) as a theory of interregional and international trade. Its main premise is simple, namely that the Heckscher-Ohlin Hypothesis (HOH) is one-but not the only possible-formalization of the FPH. An alternative formalization, based on a more realistic set of assumptions (endogenous technology, mobile capital and labor) is presented and is used to rationalize the paradoxical findings of HOH empirical tests. Supporting data are also provided. It concludes by examining the policy implications.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.007 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".