Meta-Analysis: Effect of Probiotics on the Frequency and Duration of Diarrhea in Children Under Five
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Digestive tract disease is still a health problem around the world, currently there are 2,544,084 cases of diarrhea in Indonesia in 2016. In the Central Java region, there are an estimated of 911,901 cases of diarrhea, while 95,635 cases of diarrhea have been handled. This study aims to estimate the magnitude of the effect of probiotics on the frequency and duration of diarrhea among toddler based on the results of a number of similar previous studies.Subjects and Method: This study was a systematic study and meta-analysis, with PICO as follows: Population= children under five. Intervention= Probiotics. Comparison= Not Probiotic. Outcome= Frequency and Duration of Diarrhea in toddlers. The articles used in this study were obtained from several databases including PubMed, Springer Link, Cochrane Database, Hindawi, Elsevier, JBBA, LWW, Google Scholar. The keywords for searching articles are as follows: "Probiotic", OR "frequency", OR "diarrhea", "kid", OR child "AND" Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT). The articles included in this study were full text articles with a randomized controlled trial study design. Articles were collected using PRISMA flow diagrams. Articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application.Results: A total of 12 articles reviewed in this meta-analysis study originated from India, Canada, Indonesia, America, Iran. Studies showed that the effect of probiotics decreased the frequency (Standarized mean difference -0.32; 95% CI= -0.67 to 0.03 p= 0.070). The effect of probiotics reduced the duration of diarrhea in children under five (Standarized mean difference= -0.74; 95% CI= -1.60 to 0.12 p= 0.090).Conclusion: Probiotics reduced the frequency and duration of diarrhea in toddlers.Keywords: Probiotics, Frequency, Diarrhea, ToddlersCorrespondence: Wahyu Agustin Dwi Ciptaningtyas. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: agustinfaa@gmail.com.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2020), 05(04): 321-330https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2020.05.04.07.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".