Preface and acknowledgements
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The 'lost decade' of economic stagnation in Japan during the 1990s has become a 'found decade' for regulatory and institutional reform.With nearly all areas of the 'law in the books' reviewed, revised and rewritten, the Japanese legal system is no longer the system that foreign commentators felt they were finally starting to understand by the 1980s.Nowhere is this more evident than in corporate governance.Corporate and securities legislation has been comprehensively revamped over 1993-2007, creating a more flexible and transparent regime for shareholders and managers.Financial markets law and regulatory institutions have changed, too, creating a new context for Japan's 'main banks' as alternative or additional outside monitors of managerial performance in borrowing firms.Even the legislation surrounding labour relations has been amended, reinforcing the 'lifelong' security privileges for elite employee-stakeholders, yet also hastening the growth of other 'atypical' employment relationships.But how do such legislative reforms affecting key players in Japanese firms, covering areas central to the design of Japanese capitalism, play out in the 'law in action'?Overall, this book argues that a significant 'gradual transformation' has occurred.Although this is evident also in other advanced industrialised democracies, such as Germany, Japan reveals especially complex interactions in the various fields that sometimes emphasise different ways of achieving such transformation.The book integrates studies of lifelong employment, main bank financing, insider and outsider governance structures, closely-held companies, corporate law practice, and takeovers and M&A (mergers and acquisitions).The authors hail from diverse backgrounds and disciplines: practitioners and academics; lawyers and political scientists; early-career researchers and mid-career professors; Australian and Japanese (and, for good measure, American, Canadian and New Zealander, too!).They were brought together, along with almost 300 others worldwide, by the Australian Network for Japanese Law (ANJeL).ANJeL was created by the editors' law schools to promote research, teaching and broader community engagement in Japanese law, especially in Australia.Several of this book's chapters stem from presentations at ANJeL's annual conferences on Japanese law.These activities have
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.025 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.352 | 0.265 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".