Do candidate genes for migration and behavior explain migratory variation in bluebirds (Sialia spp.)?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Avian migration is a widespread, complex behavior that has long fascinated both scientists and the general public. Nonetheless, we have not identified the genetic and environmental controls of migration. Comparisons of migratory strategies within and among species suggest that these differences are associated with genetic and personality variation. Recently, studies have identified possible candidate genes for personality and migration in several avian taxa. Partially migratory species—those in which only some individuals migrate, while others remain resident year round—provide good study systems to test whether variation at candidate loci covaries with variation in migratory behavior. Using both a population genetic and a linear model approach, we tested whether genetic variation at 2 candidate genes (adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1, ADCYAP1, and dopamine receptor, DRD4) underlies variation in migratory behavior in the Western Bluebird (Sialia mexicana), a partial migrant, and the closely related Mountain Bluebird (S. currucoides), an obligate migrant, breeding in the Okanagan Valley, British Columbia. Our analyses suggested that DRD4, a gene usually associated with personality, might explain some of the propensity to migrate, but provided no evidence that ADCYAP1, a gene usually associated with the propensity to migrate, explained variation in migratory behavior in these species. Our results join a growing body of literature suggesting the effects of candidate genes are not generalizable across species or populations.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".