The Virus is Coming! The Ways the Canadian-Born and Foreign-Born Changed Weekly Activities During the Pandemic
Bibliographic record
Abstract
During epidemics, individuals change their weekly activities to increase their sense of personal security, health, efficacy and comfort. This study looks at changes in weekly activities reported by Canadians and foreign-born citizens during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada. The data for the study is drawn from a combined survey of two cycles of the CPSS (Canadian Perspective Series) surveys 2 and 4 which were conducted between May 4 and July 26, 2020. The combined survey consisted of 8,818 adult respondents (7,280 Canadian-born and 1,538 Foreign-born respondents). Weekly activities were measured by 25 survey questions which collected information on habits such as washing hands, avoiding crowds, watching more T.V., internet use and exercising. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used as the main tool for the statistical analysis of the data. Statistical testing of mean differences revealed that Canadian and foreign-born groups differed from each other in 15 out of the 25 activity items tested. PCA identified six major domains of weekly activities. Immigrants displayed similar activity patterns compared to the Canadian-born concerning the Sanitary, Leisure, Planning and Hoarding domain of activities but were found somewhat dissimilar in terms of the Sheltering and Substance use activity domains. During the pandemic lockdown, immigrants "hunkered down" and were more proactive in adopting sheltering types of activities such as cancelling travel plans, exercising more indoors than outdoors, practicing meditation and making better food choices. In doing so, they also avoided substance use as pandemic coping activities such as higher consumption of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis compared to the Canadian-born.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".