Switching to CFC-free beclometasone for asthma
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) compounds, the traditional propellants in aerosol metered-dose inhalers (MDIs), damage the ozone layer in the atmosphere. Following adoption of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer almost 20 years ago, the UK Government produced a transition strategy to enable CFC-containing MDIs to be phased out as quickly as possible.(1, 2) Hydrofluoroalkanes (HFAs) are now being used as propellants in most MDIs (i.e. CFC-free inhalers). However, there have been particular difficulties in developing CFC-free beclometasone inhalers, as this drug dissolves in the new propellant. There are now two CFC-free beclometasone inhalers available in the UK - Qvar (Teva) and black triangle [see text for formula]Clenil Modulite (Trinity-Chiesi), both licensed for asthma. CFC-containing beclometasone MDIs will become unavailable as stocks run out (within the next year). Here we discuss the issues around switching to the CFC-free beclometasone inhalers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".