Microvessel density predicts behavior in pediatric optic pathway/hypothalamic gliomas
Bibliographic record
Abstract
1556 Background: Optic pathway/hypothalamic gliomas (OPHG) are predominately low-grade tumors. However, OPHGs show an unpredictable behavior and there is no recognized histologic or molecular marker anticipating this behavior. This study was performed to investigate angiogenic features as possible independent prognostic factors. Methods: We searched the databases of the Hospital for Sick Children for patients with pathologically diagnosed OPHGs between 1985 and 2002. Tumor specimens were reviewed and reconfirmed as low-grade gliomas. Those with sufficient tissue for staining were included in the study. Sections were immunostained with factor VIII (F8) and counted for microvessel density (MD). A ratio of alpha-smooth muscle actin to F8 immunostaining was calculated to give a vascular maturity index. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF-receptor immunostaining was performed to assess angiogenic features and MIB-1 labeling index (LI) to assess proliferation. These factors were evaluated with respect to progression-free survival (PFS) and outcome of treatment. Results: 60 patients were identified and 41 had sufficient material for further analysis. All patients underwent surgery. 30 required additional treatment (16 chemotherapy, 8 radiation, 6 chemotherapy + radiation). 8 patients had NF1. 38 are alive. MD showed a wide range of variation between tumors (4.8–73.6, median: 28 vessels/1.2 mm2). The absolute number of F8 stained vessels was significantly higher in infants (p < 0.01). A high MD (> 20 vessels/1.2mm2) was associated with a significantly shorter PFS compared to tumors with a low MD (<20 vessels/1.2 mm2)(p=0.025). MIB-1 values ranged from 0–10 (median 2.5). Intensity and distribution of VEGF and VEGFR staining and MIB-1 LI were not significantly associated with outcome. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that angiogenesis is important in low-grade glioma and MD rather than MIB-1 has a prognostic value in OPHGs. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration project was supported by b.r.a.i.n.child, Toronto
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".