Age-dependent systemic elastin degradation is enhanced in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Accelerated ageing in the lungs and systemic vasculature has been proposed as a mechanism in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, with the exception of lung function decline, biomarkers indicating age-related deterioration in COPD are scarce. Elastin degradation occurs in COPD and in normal ageing, and is known to be increased in COPD. The aim of this study was to determine whether the pattern of elastin turnover as a function to age is different between COPD, control smokers and non-smokers. Methods: We analyzed the levels of circulating desmosine, a specific marker of elastin turnover, in three independent cohorts comprising a total of 1,973 subjects (261 non-smoker controls, 380 smoker controls, and 1,332 COPD patients) using linear mixed effect model. Results: Circulating desmosine levels were positively correlated with age in all groups (p<0.0001). Further analysis of circulating desmosine as a function of age in each group as a whole show that the slope of this relationship was greater in the COPD group (6.6 ng/L per year, p<0.0001) compared with non-smoker (2.9 ng/L per year) or smoker control group (3.1 ng/L per year), suggesting that in COPD age-dependent systemic elastin degradation is amplified. A similar age-dependent amplification was not observed in the smoker control group (p=0.68), although a slightly higher circulating desmosine level was found (median (IQR): 0.23 (0.18-0.28) in smoker and 0.20 (0.16-0.25) in non-smoker controls, p=0.008). Conclusion: Our results provide evidence of age-associated increase on elastin turnover in COPD, supporting accelerated ageing in this condition.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".