Electrochemically Stable and Adherent PEDOT Coatings for High Quality EMG Recording
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Conductive polymers coatings on metal electrodes are an efficient solution to improve neural signal recording and stimulation due to their mixed electronic-ionic conduction and biocompatibility [1]. However, only a few studies have been reported on conductive polymers coatings on metallic wire electrodes for muscle signal recording [2,3]. In this work, we developed mechanically and electrochemically stable invasive electrodes for muscle signal recording in small animals based on stainless steel multi-stranded wires coated with the conductive polymer PEDOT. PEDOT doped with LiClO4 was galvanostatically electropolymerized on stainless steel wires using three different solvents: propylene carbonate (organic), acetonitrile (organic) and water (inorganic). The coatings adhesion to the metallic substrate was tested through ultrasonication and the electrochemical stability was evaluated through phosphate buffer solution soaking test and autoclave sterilization. The solvent played a key role on the adhesion of the PEDOT coating, with organic solvents giving the best mechanical stability. Electrodes prepared with these solvents possessed excellent electrochemical stability and survived sterilization and prolonged soaking without major changes in electrochemical properties. A solution for high quality invasive muscle signal recording in small animals based on conductive polymers has been demonstrated. References [1] R. Balint, N. J. Cassidy, and S. H. Cartmell, "Conductive polymers: Towards a smart biomaterial for tissue engineering," Acta Biomaterialia, vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 2341-2353, 2014. [2] S. Kim, L. K. Jang, M. Jang, S. Lee, J. G. Hardy, and J. Y. Lee, "Electrically Conductive Polydopamine–Polypyrrole as High Performance Biomaterials for Cell Stimulation in Vitro and Electrical Signal Recording in Vivo," ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, vol. 10, no. 39, pp. 33032-33042, 2018. [3] H.-C. Tian et al., "Enhanced Flexible Tubular Microelectrode with Conducting Polymer for Multi-Functional Implantable Tissue-Machine Interface," Scientific Reports, Article vol. 6, p. 26910, 2016.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".