Pharmaceutical Solid Form Formation via Vapour-Assisted Tumbling (VAT) – A Solvent Efficient Process with Potential Industrial Applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Crystallisations on both the academic and industrial scale often use large volumes of solvent. In order decrease the environmental impact of such processes, new techniques must be discovered that increase the efficiency of the solvents used. Introduced here is a process that combines repurposed industry standard hardware and aspects of mechanochemistry to produce a technique we call “Vapour Assisted Tumbling” (VAT). Pharmaceutical and well-known cocrystals and salts were formed by tumbling the coformers in an atmosphere of vaporised solvent, in this study, methanol (MeOH). This was done inside a custom built analogue of an industrial rotary cone dryer (RCD). It was found that a desired solid form could be obtained as monitored by powder X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. By repurposing industrial RCDs, it is feasible that solid forms can be crystallised with both minimal and reusable/recyclable solvent – drastically lowering the environmental impact of such transformations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".