Evaluation of Acacia nilotica Seeds for Protein and Carbohydrate Fractions, Gas Production, Energy Value and Mineral Contents from Diverse Locations in India
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In many parts of India, more animals feed on shrubs and trees than on surface fodders like grasses and grass-legume pastures. The objective of the study was to evaluate the Acacia nilotica seeds collected from different locations in India for chemical composition, carbohydrate and protein fractions, energy value, mineral contents, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and gas production. Seeds were sampled from 20 locations in 2003 and from 9 locations in 2005 from different states of country. Crude protein content ranged from 114 to 218 g/kg DM. Seeds from Rewari also had the least neutral detergent fibre (NDF), hemicellulose, and lignin contents (data not shown). A. nilotica seeds harvested in Damoh had the greatest NDF, acid detergent fibre, and cellulose contents. The proportion of degradable CP fractions ranged from 0.97 to 0.99 of total CP. Wide variations were also noted in total carbohydrates and the fractions. There were differences in the cumulative gas volume of the seeds. Rate of gas production ranged from 1.19 to 2.48 ml/h. Seeds from Mandla had the highest IVDMD of 679 versus 507 g/kg DM for seeds harvested in Jhajjar. Wide variations were noted in total phenolics content, with seeds from Rewari having the least value compared with seeds from Sagar, which were more than 16-fold greater. Variation in the gross energy of A. nilotica seeds was less than 3 MJ/kg. As observed in the chemical composition of the seeds, the mineral composition of A. nilotica varied among the different locations, with Ca ranging from 2.19 to 6.30 g/kg DM in Wardha and Coimbatore, respectively. Results revealed that A. nilotica seeds have a high potential as protein and energy supplements for ruminants and that their feeding value is similar to that of the widely used soybean meal and rapeseed meal. Variations in nutritional attributes among A. nilotica seeds from the different locations could be used in tree breeding to develop nutritional superior Acacia cultivars.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".