Bibliographic record
Abstract
Edited by Jonathan Wyatt; this scan coordinated by Lewis Jones Emergency medical technicians outperform anaesthetists! ▸ Participants were asked to perform bag-valve-mask ventilation for three minutes on a mannikin using a facemask and a two litre self inflating bag. Tidal volumes were measured and recorded by computer. The effectiveness of bag-valve-mask (defined as the proportion of ventilation attempts that achieved a tidal volume of >434 ml) was significantly greater for emergency medical technicians than for anaesthetists (p<0.001). Six of the 27 anaesthetists, but none of the 29 emergency medical technicians, were unable to produce even one “effective” tidal volume of at least 434 ml. The paper concludes that emergency medical technicians are able to perform adequate bag-valve-mask ventilation. ▴ Walsh K , Loveday K, O’Rathaille M. A comparison of the effectiveness of pre-hospital bag-valve-mask ventilation performed by Irish emergency medical technicians and anaesthetists working in a tertiary referral teaching hospital. Ir Med J2003;96:77–9. [OpenUrl][1][PubMed][2] Prehospital intubation for trauma? ▸ Prehospital care practitioners will read this controversial paper from the United States with interest. The authors prospectively collected data on 191 patients who presented with a Glasgow Coma Scale of less than 9 and a “head” Abbreviated Injury Scale score of more than two. They compared outcomes according to whether or not patients received prehospital intubation (usually by paramedics who were trained to use some anaesthetic drugs). The results indicated significantly increased morbidity and mortality associated with prehospital intubation. The authors do acknowledge some limitations in their study design—their call for a randomised controlled trial seems eminently sensible. ▴ Bochicchio GV , Ilahi O, Joshi M, et al . Endotracheal intubation in the field does not improve outcome in trauma patients who present without an acutely lethal traumatic brain injury. J Trauma2003;54:307–11. [OpenUrl][3][PubMed][4][Web of Science][5] Straddling—a solution for tracheal intubation on the ground ▸ Prehospital personnel who have struggled to intubate patients lying on the ground will find this Canadian study interesting. The authors studied the pressures required to perform oral tracheal intubations using a variety of rescuer positions on a … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DIrish%2Bmedical%2Bjournal%26rft.stitle%253DIr%2BMed%2BJ%26rft.aulast%253DWalsh%26rft.auinit1%253DK.%26rft.volume%253D96%26rft.issue%253D3%26rft.spage%253D77%26rft.epage%253D79%26rft.atitle%253DA%2Bcomparison%2Bof%2Bthe%2Beffectiveness%2Bof%2Bpre-hospital%2Bbag-valve-mask%2Bventilation%2Bperformed%2Bby%2BIrish%2Bemergency%2Bmedical%2Btechnicians%2Band%2Banaesthetists%2Bworking%2Bin%2Ba%2Btertiary%2Breferral%2Bteaching%2Bhospital.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F12722783%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=12722783&link_type=MED&atom=%2Femermed%2F20%2F5%2F471.atom [3]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DThe%2BJournal%2Bof%2Btrauma%26rft.stitle%253DJ%2BTrauma%26rft.aulast%253DBochicchio%26rft.auinit1%253DG.%2BV.%26rft.volume%253D54%26rft.issue%253D2%26rft.spage%253D307%26rft.epage%253D311%26rft.atitle%253DEndotracheal%2Bintubation%2Bin%2Bthe%2Bfield%2Bdoes%2Bnot%2Bimprove%2Boutcome%2Bin%2Btrauma%2Bpatients%2Bwho%2Bpresent%2Bwithout%2Ban%2Bacutely%2Blethal%2Btraumatic%2Bbrain%2Binjury.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F12579056%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=12579056&link_type=MED&atom=%2Femermed%2F20%2F5%2F471.atom [5]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000180916400015&link_type=ISI
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Direct model labels (unvalidated)
Per-model category and study-design labels from the labeling rounds. They are machine output, unvalidated, and the disagreement between models ships as data. No study design here is MEDLINE-validated yet.
| Model arm | Categories | Study design | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| gemma | no category Domain: not available · Genre: Other About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Not applicable | low |
| gpt | Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) Domain: not available · Genre: Other About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Not applicable | high |
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.895 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedLabeled directly by 2 models reading the full record.
The models disagree on parts of this classification; every voice is preserved in the section at the end of the page.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".