Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article examines differential substitution of the L2 English voiceless interdental fricative, [6].The Lis investigated in this study -European French, Quebec French, and Japanese-have been reported to substitute [s], [t], and [s] respectively in production.Two main hypotheses are explored: 1) Transfer is perceptually based; 2) Substitution involves an assessment of non-contrastive in addition to contrastive features.Results of an AXB task show that advanced learners are unable to perceive certain non-contrastive distinctions; however, unlike Japanese listeners, French listeners do perceive Strident and Mellow, features which are non-contrastive in their LI.Results indicate a clear perceptual basis for the Japanese substitute.The difference between Quebec and European French is less clear; however, there is a trend which suggests a perceptual basis for the European French substitute.Another finding is that confusion of [f] and [0] is greater for French than it is for Japanese listeners.It is proposed that the composition of the LI phonetic inventory influences which features listeners attend to during perception. ResumeCet article examine la substitution differentielle de la fricative interdentale nonvoisee, [0], en anglais langue seconde.Les langues maternelles examinees dans cette etude, le francais europeen, le francais qu6becois et le japonais, substituent en production [s], [t] et [s] respectivement.Deux hypotheses principales sont explorees: 1) le transfert est base sur la perception; 2) la substitution implique une evaluation de traits non-contrastifs en plus de traits contrastifs.Les resultats d'un test AXB montrent que les apprenants avances sont incapables de percevoir certaines distinctions non-contrastives; cependant, contrairement aux auditeurs japonais, les auditeurs francais percoivent les traits strident et moelleux, qui ne sont pas contrastifs dans leur LI.Les resultats indiquent qu'il y a un fondement perceptuel pour le substitut japonais.Les differences entre le francais quebecois et europeen sont moins nettes; cependant, il y a une tendance qui suggere que le
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.742 | 0.632 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".