Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Immediately following the American Civil War (1861-65) Texan cattle traders searched for new markets for largely feral cattle that had been left to wander the plains during the fighting. 1Many drove their herds to the "corn belt" of the midwestern states where the cattle were placed on farms to be fattened before the final journey by rail to the packinghouses in Chicago.At the same time soon to be well-known paths, such as the Chisholm and the Goodnight-Loving Trails, were opened to stock "new" rangeland in mining districts of the far north.As more and more Texas cattle reached the Montana ranges they interbred with the "westerns"mostly British breeds including Hereford, Shorthorn, and Angus -principally from California via Oregon -and then with similar stock that the cattlemen began to import from the eastern United States and from Great Britain. 2 Starting in the 1870s increasing numbers of cattle were driven into Alberta and Assiniboia to feed Native bands facing starvation with the destruction of the bison herds.The missionary brothers John and David McDougall maintained a few cattle near Morley west of Calgary from the beginning of the decade.In 1877 former whiskey trader H.A. (Fred) Kanouse turned twenty-one cows and a bull loose on the open range near Fort Macleod.Then John Miller arrived
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it