Bibliographic record
Abstract
Primary adenocarcinoma of the appendix is a rare, seldom diagnosed neoplasm, even as incidental finding during appendectomy. Relatively little is known about its pathology and management. It is found in approximately 0.1% of appendectomies, with an incidence rate of 0.2 per 100, 000 people per year. The mean age at presentation is around 60 years old and males are affected 1.5 times more frequently than females. It presents as either a colonic type tumor, which is poorly differentiated and more aggressive, or as a mucinous type, which may show abundant extra-cellular mucin and is well differentiated. Clinically, it usually presents as acute appendicitis or as an abdominal mass. It is often associated with other synchronous malignancies, such as colonic or ovarian lesions, as well as a higher incidence of metachronous tumors, creating a need for lifelong follow-up after treatment. Right hemicolectomy is the preferred treatment for both colonic and mucinous type lesions. Some studies still suggest that an appendectomy is sufficient if the tumor is confined to the mucosa or if no residual tumor is found in the colon in the mucinous type. However, the high rate of perforations argues against this approach. For the mucinous type of cancer, bilateral oophorectomy, especially if the patient is post-menopausal, is sometimes advised. Post-operative chemotherapy, with or without radiotherapy, may improve the morbidity and mortality rates of pseudomyxoma peritonei. The prognosis, as in colonic tumors, is defined by stage and histology. The overall 5-year survival rates are 71% for the mucinous type and 41% for the colonic type, and 100%, 67%, 50%, and 6% for stages A, B, C, and D, respectively, or 68%, 51%, and 7% for grades I, II, and III respectively.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".