A numerical study of Rayleigh-Taylor instability for various Atwood numbers using ISPH method
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, the wall bounded single-mode Rayleigh-Taylor instability (RTI) for a two-phase immiscible fluid system in a confined domain is investigated numerically for various Atwood numbers ranging from At = 0.2 to At = 0.8. Governing equations are discretised using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method. A robust numerical scheme is used to simulate the RTI phenomenon and in order to model the fluid-flow in the vicinity of the interface, transport parameters such as density and viscosity are smoothed using colour function. The surface tension force is coupled to the momentum equation using continuum surface force (CSF) model. It is shown that in general the RTI evolves in three distinct stages, namely linear stability, mushroom-head formation and long-term evolution. The growth rate in the first stage, i.e. the linear instability, shows good agreement with the analytical solution in the literature. The qualitative and quantitative results of second and third stages are introduced and relevant discussions are made.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".