Biologic Therapies Against Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Dysregulated Immune System and the Cross Talk with Gastrointestinal Mucosa Hold the Key
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a GI tract disorder that manifests as either Ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohns disease (CD). The precise etiology of IBD is still not completely elucidated but research into the immunopathogenesis of IBD suggests that dysfunctions of the intestinal immune system and cross-reactivity against host epithelial cells hold the key. In both UC and CD, polarized immune activity towards Th1 (marked by upregulation of TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-6) and Th17 (marked by IL-17 secretion) response is reported, while UC appears to exhibit an added contribution of Th2 responses (characterized by secretion of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13). Additionally, other molecules involved in leukocyte trafficking (adhesion molecules), chemokines (IL-8) and tissue repair molecules (PGE2 and its receptors) are also crucial. Emergence of these new paradigms in the pathogenesis of IBD led to a recent trend of novel biological therapies that specifically inhibit molecules involved in the inflammatory cascade. In this review, we critically discuss recent advances in the pathogenesis of IBD, drug therapies (conventional versus biologic), drug efficacy and pharmacokinetics (murine versus human versus chimeric) and their adverse effects. We also discuss emerging novel biological therapies targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α and IFN-γ, cytokine receptors and those targeting adhesion molecules-anti-integrin and anti-ICAM antibodies. Other potential approaches using anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10), anti-sense oligonucleotide and probiotics are also discussed. Finally, we summarized few imperative targets whose more detailed exploration can help to pave the way for an efficacious IBD therapy. Keywords: IBD, Biological therapy, Conventional therapy, Infliximab, Probiotics, EP receptor
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it