Recent Patented Applications of Ion-Exchange Membranes in the Agrifood Sector
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ion-exchange membranes (IEM) are used in the agri-food sector since the early 1950s. Their main applications are based on the demineralization of agri-food products or effluents. In these applications, anion- and cation-exchange membranes are stacked alternatively in an electrodialysis cell to produce two solutions, one concentrated and one impoverished in minerals. In this article we will focus on the recent patents published in the 5 last years and presenting the more recent uses and applications of ion-exchange membranes in this sector. These patents concerns mainly, the rectification of wine and grape juice, the production of salt and concentrated mineral solutions, the production of drinking water and functional drinking water, the demineralization of dairy and plants products, the production of sugar derivates, the bacterial decontamination of solution and the demineralization and purification of fermentation broth. These approaches will be discussed in terms of originality and novelty in comparison with current applications, as well as for their potential of application in the sector. Keywords: Ion-exchange membranes, electrodialysis, biotechnology, food
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".