An examination of genetic variation and disease spread in Inonotus tomentosus in the sub-boreal spruce zone of British Columbia.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Inonotus tomentosus (Fr) Teng. is a fungal pathogen of commercially valuable tree species in British Columbia and one of the most important biotic disturbance agents in sub-boreal and boreal forests in Canada. This study investigated the population variation in six spruce stands infected with Tomentosus Root Rot (TRR) in order to determine whether infection is due to spread by root contact, by basidiospores, or a combination of the two and if forest management affects the mode of disease spread. Three marker types were used to test for variation in populations. These included vegetative compatibility (VC), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPDs) and single strand conformation polymorphisms (SSCP). Genetic and genotypic variation as well as linkage disequilibrium and random mating were measured. There is high genotypic variation within all populations in addition to moderate levels of gene diversity, significant linkage disequilibrium and significant deviation from Hardy- Weinberg Equilibrium. Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) indicated that 70% of genetic variation occurred within populations and 28% occurred between populations. This indicates that some clonal propagation is occurring in these populations but frequent recombination (i.e. sexual reproduction) and subsequent spore dispersal (although spatially limited) is the most likely cause of the high level of genotypic diversity observed in these sites. There was no apparent difference in the population structure of this pathogen between unmanaged mixed-species stands and spruce plantations. Given this information, the current management guidelines for treating sites affected by TRR may be insufficient because many of them are aimed at interfering with spread by root contacts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".